Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that affects the urinary bladder, which is the organ responsible for storing urine in the body. It is a relatively common type of cancer, with around 81,400 new cases being diagnosed in the United States each year.

Treatment for bladder cancer typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, as well as chemotherapy and radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. In this article, we will discuss the different options available for treating bladder cancer, including their benefits and risks.

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the most common surgery used to treat bladder cancer. During this procedure, a surgeon uses a special instrument called a cystoscope, which is inserted through the urethra and into the bladder. The cystoscope has a small loop on the end that is used to remove the tumor.

TURBT is typically done as an outpatient procedure, meaning that the patient is able to go home the same day. It is also a relatively low-risk procedure, with a success rate of around 80-90%.

One of the benefits of TURBT is that it allows the surgeon to see the tumor and surrounding tissue clearly, making it easier to remove all of the cancer cells. Additionally, because the procedure is done through the urethra, there is no need for a large incision, which reduces the risk of complications and recovery time.

Radical Cystectomy

A radical cystectomy is a more invasive surgery that involves removing the entire bladder, as well as surrounding lymph nodes and organs. This procedure is typically recommended for patients with more advanced stages of bladder cancer, such as those with tumors that have grown into the muscle of the bladder or those that have spread to other parts of the body.

The procedure is typically done as an open surgery, with a large incision made in the abdomen. Recovery time can be longer than TURBT, with patients typically spending around 2-4 weeks in the hospital.

Despite the risks and recovery time, radical cystectomy is often considered the best option for patients with advanced stages of bladder cancer. This is because it offers the best chance of removing all of the cancer cells and preventing the cancer from returning.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. These drugs are typically given through a vein, either in the form of a pill or injection.

Chemotherapy can be used in conjunction with surgery or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells, or it can be used on its own for patients with advanced stages of bladder cancer.

One of the benefits of chemotherapy is that it can reach cancer cells throughout the body, making it useful for treating cancer that has spread beyond the bladder. However, it can also cause side effects such as hair loss, fatigue, and nausea.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. The rays are directed at the cancerous tumor, but they can also damage healthy cells in the surrounding area.

Radiation therapy can be used in conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy, or it can be used on its own for patients with advanced stages of bladder cancer.

One of the benefits of radiation therapy is that it can shrink tumors and reduce symptoms, such as pain. However, it can also cause side effects such as fatigue and skin irritation.

Choosing the Right Treatment for You

The best treatment for bladder cancer will depend on the stage.